CsA is still the mostly used drug in renal transplant therapy. Ĭyclosporine A (CsA) has been the primary tool to prevent the rejection of organ transplants. Three different types of drugs are associated with GO, namely anti-convulsant, calcium channel blockers and the immunosuppressants like cyclosporine. marginal, attached and interdental gingivalĭiscrete: isolated sessile or peduncolated tumor-like overgrowth.
Papillary: Confined to the interdental papillaĭiffuse: Involves all the parts of the gingival, i.e. Localized: gingival overgrowth limited to one or more group of teeth
Systemic diseases causing gingival overgrowth:Īccording to location and distribution, gingival overgrowth can be classified as: Non- specific conditioned overgrowth (granuloma pyogenicum) Overgrowth associated with systemic disease In current clinical descriptive terminology, GO can be classificated as :Īccording to etiologic factors an pathologic changes, GO could be listed out as: Īmong the important systemic conditions in the etiopathogenesis of GO, hormonal factors must be borne in mind, which have a fundamental role in amplifying the tissue reaction to chronic inflammatory conditions. The etiology is still unknown, although there is a consensus from some Authors that chronic local trauma (plaque, poor oral hygiene, defective restoration, foreign bodies such as food impaction or toothbrush bristle) can trigger chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissue, together with an endocrine or metabolic imbalance, which may determine the onset of the lesions. įrom the epidemiologic point of view, GO most often affects the female sex, at ages ranging from 6 to 80 years but with a prevalence between the second and fifth decades of life. In fact, elements of granulation tissue are frequently observed, as are giant cells, mesenchymal cells combined or not with fibroblasts, collagen, epithelial cells, calcification zones and vessels. Moreover, the histological classification is still unclear, owing to the wide range of possible histological morphotypes. The term gingival overgrowth (GO) only provides a topographic description of the lesion but no histological diagnosis. Hopefully, the final treatment result makes it all worthwhile. However, additional effort is needed from the patient. Periodontal examinations, surgical procedures, and dental hygiene with follow-up are an essential part of the treatment protocol. Resultsĭuring 10 years of follow-up, all the grafts appeared well vascularized, aesthetically satisfactory, and without relapse. The treatment plan involved radical exeresis of the mass followed by positioning of an autograft of connective tissue and keratinized gingiva. MethodsĪ total of 20 patients were enrolled and underwent initial, non surgical, periodontal treatment and training sessions on home oral hygiene training. Aim of this study is to describe an operative protocol for the surgical treatment of localized gingival overgrowth analyzing the surgical technique, times and follow-up. Severe overgrowth may lead to impairment in aesthetic and masticatory functions, requiring surgical excision of the excessive tissue.
The lesion may involve the inter-proximal spaces, and become so extensive that the teeth are displaced and their crowns covered. Nevertheless, the overgrowth involves the gingival margin with extension to the inter-dental papilla.
In some pathological conditions, gingivitis caused by plaque accumulation can be more severe, with the result of an overgrowth.
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